Acid Reflux & Heartburn
Understanding Acid Reflux and Heartburn
When stomach acid moves upwards into the oesophagus due to the malfunctioning of the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter (LES), it causes heartburn. The LES is a valve that closes after food passes from the oesophagus into the stomach. However, at times, this valve does not close properly or opens too frequently, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the oesophagus. This upward movement of stomach acid is known as acid reflux.
Symptoms
Heartburn – A burning sensation or discomfort in the chest, which may also extend to the throat.
Regurgitation – A sour or bitter taste in the mouth caused by stomach acid flowing back up into the mouth from the oesophagus.
Bloating, burping, nausea and hiccups.
Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing caused by a narrowing of the oesophagus, creating the sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.
Blood in the stool or vomit.
Unexplained weight loss.
Wheezing, a dry cough, hoarseness or a chronic sore throat.
Causes
Hiatal hernia
Obesity
Lying down immediately after a large meal
Lying on your back or bending over at the waist
Pregnancy
Beverages such as tea, coffee, carbonated drinks and alcohol
Certain foods such as tomatoes, onions, garlic, chocolate, citrus fruits, and spicy or fatty foods
Certain medications, including muscle relaxants, ibuprofen, aspirin and some blood pressure medications
Family history
Diagnosis
Upper endoscopy
Esophageal pH test